THE MIDDLE AGES
From the fall of Rome to the dawn of the Renaissance. An era of faith, feudalism, and fortress building.
The Three Estates
Medieval society was strictly divided into three orders, each with a specific role ordained by God.
Oratores
"Those who pray"
Clergy
Bellatores
"Those who fight"
Nobility
Laboratores
"Those who work"
Peasantry
The Black Death (1347-1351)
The bubonic plague wiped out ~30-60% of Europe's population. This catastrophe actually improved wages for survivors and helped end serfdom by creating a labor shortage.
Social Hierarchy
THE MONARCH
The King/Queen owns all land. They grant portions to Nobles in exchange for support.
GIVES DOWN
Land (Fiefs) & Protection
RECEIVES UP
Loyalty & Military Aid
Magna Carta (1215)
The first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law. It laid the foundation for modern democracy.