Lesson 03 · Solve a system algebraically

Substitution

Use one equation to replace a variable in the other, solve the resulting one-variable equation, then back-substitute and check the ordered pair.

01[THE PHENOMENON]
Worked Example 1

Solve the system of equations below by substitution. Show all algebraic steps. State the solution as an ordered pair, then check it in both original equations.

{
y = x + 1
2x + y = 7
What are you trying to find?

One ordered pair (x, y) that makes both equations true at the same time.

02[INTERACTIVE SANDBOX]
Work the example

Use the equation that already tells you what a variable equals.

1. Substitute
2. Solve x
3. Find y
4. Check
Equation 1
y =
Equation 2
2x + = 7
Step 1: substitute.

Equation 1 already says y = x + 1. Equal quantities can replace one another, so the y in Equation 2 can become x + 1 without changing the solution.

Click x + 1, then click the y in Equation 2.

03[CONCEPTUAL BRIDGE]

The replacement works because Equation 1 tells us that y and x + 1 have the same value for every solution of that equation.

Replacing one with the other is called substitution. The substitution itself is only the first move. Its purpose is to turn a two-variable system into an ordinary one-variable equation that you can solve with equality-preserving moves.

04[FORMAL STRUCTURE]
01

Choose the easy equation

y = expression

Look for a variable that is already isolated, or isolate one first.

02

Substitute

replace y with that expression

Equal quantities may replace one another. Use parentheses to keep a multi-term expression together.

03

Solve

one variable remains

Simplify expressions, then undo operations with equal moves on both sides.

04

Back-substitute + check

solution = (x, y)

Find the second coordinate, then verify the ordered pair in both originals.

05[COMMON PITFALL]

Substitute the whole expression.

If x = y + 4, then 2x + y becomes 2(y + 4) + y. The parentheses matter because the coefficient 2 multiplies the entire replacement.

06[APPLICATION]
Independent practice

Solve a new system without answer choices.

Practice Problem

Solve the system by substitution. Show each algebraic step and check your ordered pair.

{
x = y + 4
2x + y = 14
Equation 1
x =
Equation 2
2+ y = 14
Start by selecting the expression equal to x, then place it on x in Equation 2.
Homework-style practice

Now try a few without the walkthrough.

Solve each system by substitution on paper or in your notebook. Show the substitution, solve, back-substitute, and check.

1.
y = 2x − 3
x + y = 9
2.
x = y + 5
3x − y = 13
3.
y = −x + 6
2x + y = 9
4.
x = 2y − 1
x + y = 8