Lesson 04 · Solve a system algebraically

Elimination

Add or scale whole equations so one variable becomes an additive inverse pair and disappears, leaving a simpler equation with the same shared solution.

01[THE PHENOMENON]
Worked Example 1

Solve the system of equations by elimination. Show your algebraic steps. State the solution as an ordered pair, then check it in both original equations.

{
x + y = 7
x − y = 1
Notice before you calculate

One equation contains +y; the other contains −y. What happens to that pair if the two true equations are added column by column?

02[INTERACTIVE SANDBOX]
Stack the equalities

Let the opposite terms erase each other.

x+ y=7x− y=1
??=?
1
Two true equations are aligned
x + y = 7 and x − y = 1
1.5

Add Equation 1 and Equation 2

Add left side to left side and right side to right side. If A = B and C = D, then A + C = B + D.

+y+(−y) = 0
03[CONCEPTUAL BRIDGE]

Elimination works because we combine entire equalities. At the system’s shared solution, both original equations are true. Adding two true equalities creates another true equality.

We arrange the equations so one variable appears as additive inverses, such as +y and −y. Their sum is zero, so that coordinate disappears from the new equation. The cancellation is ordinary arithmetic, not a special algebra trick.

04[FORMAL STRUCTURE]
01

Align like terms

x with x · y with y · constants with constants

Treat each equation as one complete equality.

02

Create opposites if needed

multiply every term on both sides

Scaling an entire equation by the same nonzero factor preserves its solutions.

03

Combine the equations

left + left = right + right

Choose addition or subtraction so one variable has coefficient 0.

04

Recover + verify

solve → back-substitute → check

The final ordered pair must satisfy both original equations.

05[COMMON PITFALL]

Scale the whole equation, not the convenient term.

If you multiply an equation by −2, that factor must reach every term on the left and the right. Changing only one coefficient creates a different equation and can destroy the original solution set.

06[APPLICATION]
Guided transfer

This time the coefficients are not opposites yet.

Practice Problem

Solve the system by elimination. First create opposite x-coefficients, then combine the equations.

{
x + 2y = 7
2x − y = 4

Choose a legal move that will eliminate x.

Equation 2 already has +2x. Create −2x in the other row without changing its solutions.

Independent practice

Now choose the cancellation strategy yourself.

Solve each system by elimination. Show any equation scaling, combine the rows, back-substitute, and check the ordered pair.

1.
x + y = 9
x − y = 3
2.
2x + y = 8
−2x + 3y = 8
3.
3x + 2y = 16
x − 2y = 0
4.
x + 3y = 11
2x − y = 1