Formal Sciences
[ DOMAIN 02 ]

LOGIC

The architecture of truth. Logic strips away context, emotion, and bias, leaving only the immutable framework of valid reasoning.

Level 1: Binary States & Connectives

Before we can build complex mathematical proofs or computer algorithms, we must define the absolute basics: True and False. At this level, we only care about how simple statements combine together.

AND
OR
¬
NOT

The Truth Engine

Variables
2-BIT
# Binary Connectives

AND

00
=
0
State
FALSE

OR

00
=
0
State
FALSE

XOR

Exclusive
00
=
0
State
FALSE

NAND

Not AND
00
=
1
State
TRUE

IMPLIES

If P, then Q
00
=
1
State
TRUE

IFF

Biconditional
00
=
1
State
TRUE

Module: Propositional Logic

Boolean connectives, truth tables, implication, equivalence, and the algebra of true and false statements.

Level 2: Quantifiers & Sets

Simple true/false statements aren't enough to describe the universe. "All dogs are mammals" requires a new syntax. Here, we introduce Quantifiers and begin grouping objects into overlapping Sets.

Set & Quantifier Visualizer

Module_02 // Interactive
The Universe (U)
Set A
(Circles)
Set B
(Filled)

The Universe

Welcome to a logical universe consisting of 12 objects. To make logical statements, we group objects with similar properties into Sets.

Set AContains all objects that are Circles.
Set BContains all objects that are Filled.
Notice how a single counter-example breaks a Universal (∀) statement. If you say "∀ objects in Set B are Filled", the engine immediately flags the empty circles as the reason the statement is FALSE.

First-Order Logic

Predicates, variables, quantifiers, and formal statements about objects and relationships.

Planned

Set Theory

Membership, unions, intersections, infinity, and the foundational language of mathematical collections.

Level 3: Informal Logic

Mathematical logic is perfect. Humans are not. When we attempt to apply logical structures to everyday language and debate, we frequently make structural errors known as Logical Fallacies.

Planned

Module: Cognitive Biases & Fallacies

Common structural failures in everyday reasoning, including ad hominem, straw-man arguments, and related fallacies.

[ Q.E.D. VERIFICATION ]
Proof of Comprehension1 / 5

True or False: If proposition P is False, the implication (P ⇒ Q) is ALWAYS considered True, regardless of the truth value of Q.