PSYCHOLOGY
The science of mind, brain, and behavior.
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung
Focuses on the unconscious mind, dreams, and childhood experiences as the root of behavior.
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner, Pavlov
Rejects internal states. Focuses on observable behavior, conditioning, and stimulus-response.
Cognitive Psych
Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky
Views the brain as an information processor. Studies memory, perception, language, and problem-solving.
Humanism
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Emphasizes individual potential, growth, and the innate drive towards self-actualization.
Nature vs. Nurture
The eternal debate. Are we shaped by our biology (genetics, brain structure) or our environment (upbringing, culture)? Modern psychology suggests it's rarely one or the other, but an interaction of both: Epigenetics.
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1943)
Gestalt Principles
"The whole is other than the sum of the parts."